Source Notes:
Mar 10, 1957: Anna van der Zon, by email, quotes Interpol
website.
Jun 27, 1957: Kelly Wicker from an ex-FBI friend.
Jul 30, 1957: Robert Blaschke quotes U.S. State Department.
Jayj Jacobs reports that "Bin Laden, Al-Jazeera - and I'' by Jamal
Abdul Latif Ismail, includes an interview in which bin Laden says he was
born 45 years ago, in the Muslim year of 1377, in the Saudi capital of
Riyadh. The family later moved between the two holy cities of Mecca and
Medina and the port city of Jiddah. (Four months after August 1998 is
December 1998 minus 45 is 1953.)
Update (08/03/2002):
Marguerite dar Boggia quoted Zip Dobyns in July 2002, that Karen
Hamaker-Zondag said she had data for Osama bin Laden from his
hospital records. It is March 10, 1957, in Jiddah, Saudi Arabia, at
10:58 AM EET.
LMR wrote email to Karen who answered, “My source is the same as
Noel Tyl's: William de Rijcke in Belgium, a physician and
astrologer, who has a good friend working at Interpol. This friend
has been searching the archives of Interpol and found the date and
time. He gave this to William de Rijcke who in his turn spread the
news. I heard somebody mentioning that it was a hospital record, but
I am not 100% sure it is. Maybe Noel knows, as he also has informed
several people metioning William de Rijcke.
I knew already for quite some time that Interpol stuck to March 10,
1957. They insisted that the data the US govenment used were wrong.
So I was not surprised that this date was mentioned by the friend of
William de Rijcke.”
Noel Tyl wrote, “As you probably did, I was deluged with everyone's
theory about bin Laden. As you probably didn't (:-) I threw it all
out after a while, because it was all so wild and confusing. …..One
of my students, Alan Ouimet, is a retired FBI agent. He tried to tap
into the Interpol annals, etc.”
Alan J. Ouimet wrote, 7/26/2002, “Dear Lois and Noel: I am only to
happy to share concerning Usama. The Interpol DOB - no time
indicated is March 10, 1957 in Jidda. I have worked with this chart
and am convinced that of the many DOB's on him - this is the one.”
To trace William de Rijcke, LMR wrote an email to Grietje Versavel
7/29/02.
Grietje answered, “I' ve just talked with Dr. William De Rijke on
the telephone. Indeed, he's a physician and also an astrologer. He
got birthdata for B.L. through a patient of his, working in one of
the Interpol Departments and sent these data to a Dutch astrologer
named Ed Noordman from Zwolle, (The Netherlands) who needed them for
his mundane astrology interpretation.
You can check with him (Ed Noordman) for these data as Dr De Rijke
didn't keep the data himself.
William De Rijke's address: Hoevenzalen laan, # 12, 3.600-Genk,
Belgium
Tel: 00-32-89/38.22.41 De Rijke has no e-mail address. He doesn't
speak nor understand English very well, so has told me. He could not
understand the e-mail letter you sent me when I read this e-mail
message to him on the telephone.
If you need some more info, or if I can do something for you about
the info of these data, just let me know. Meanwhile, all the very
best, dear Lois, from Grietje”
LMR noted, 7/31/2002, “The policy of AstroDatabank is that when data
with many contradictions is said to be a specific date and time,
documentation is required. Inasmuch as we are not able to get
official records and I do not even have any copy of an Arabian birth
certificate to know if the time of birth is indeed recorded, or
whether Interpol has a hospital or family record, I find it
necessary to keep a rating of DD on these data. Though I would
dearly wish to say that we have an accurate and precise date and
time for bin Laden, these are still hearsay data, second hand at
best. I could only recommend that we study the charts with caution.
Thanks to all for your good research help.”
(Former discussion on the bin Laden data follows:
#Anna van der Zon, by email, quotes website
http://www.interpol.int/public/wanted/notices/data/1998/32/1998_20232.asp
#Peter Bergen, author of "Holy War, Inc," Simon & Schuster, gave
March 10, 1957, related in an excerpt in Vanity Fair magazine
Dec/2001.
#Zip Dobyns writes, " I'm testing a time of about 4:50 PM, 3 hours
later than UT."
#LMR working with 2:23 PM as of 9/18/2001.
Other dates are given:
#Kelly Wicker writes, "So far there are three birth times known.
July 30 1957
March 10 1957
June 27 1957
#Robert Blaschke seems to be doing a fair amount of research on this
subject. The 3rd I received from a friend (ex-FBI), I do not know
the source but could find out. Hope this helps."
#Robert Blaschke sends the following: From a US State Department
Factsheet located at the following website,
http://www.fpc.gov/CRS_reps/crsterr3.htm, we find that Osama bin
Laden was born July 30, 1957, presumably in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.)
#A U.S. government factsheet gives "around 1955.")
#Michael Rideout sent the following comprehensive post on 9/16/2001:
"Regarding the birth date of Usamah Bin Laden, I've seen web pages
that mention only a year-- 1955, 1956, 1957, and 1958-- and I've
seen web pages and posts that give a variety of dates-- March 10,
1957; April 7, 1957; June 28, 1957; July 28, 1957; July 30, 1957;
and October 3, 1957.
"According to an interview with Bin Laden which can be found on
various web pages, he himself has given his year of birth as 1377 AH
("1377 hegira"). If that is so, then he had to have been born
sometime between approximately July 29, 1957 and July 17, 1958--
give or take a day or so for both dates. This would mean that 1955
and 1956 are out of the question-- nor can March 10, 1957; April 7,
1957; and June 28, 1957 be correct.
"I think the July 28, 1957 and July 30, 1957 dates look suspicious
because they are approximately the first day of the Islamic year
1377 AH. The first day of each month is tricky to determine either
ahead of time, or by a computer algorithm, because it begins when
the crescent Moon is first spotted following the New Moon, and this
event is subject to various factors. Also, the day begins at sunset
on what we would call the previous day, so if for example the first
day of 1377 AH was July 29, 1957, this would mean that it actually
began at sunset on July 28, 1957!
"Obviously, it's possible that Bin Laden was indeed born on the
first day of 1377 AH. However, I can't help wondering if the July
28, 1957 and July 30, 1957 dates might conceivably have been arrived
at in the following way:
"Question: "When was Bin Laden born?"
"Answer: "In 1377 AH."
"Question: "And when was 1377 AH?"
"Answer: "On July 28 [or 30], 1957."
"As far as the other dates, I've personally seen people convert
dates incorrectly from one calendar to another. For example, I used
to work for a Korean-born man (whose family moved to America when he
was a child) who celebrates his birthday as February 14, 1958,
although he told me that he actually has two birthdays. When I asked
him what he meant, he said he'd been told that he was born on the
14th day of the 2nd month of the Year of the Dog. The Year of the
Dog began in 1958, so he had arbitrarily decided to celebrate his
birthday on February (2nd month) 14 (14th day), 1958 (Year of the
Dog)-- even though a correct conversion would put his birthday on
about April 2, 1958 (depending on what time the day begins in Korea,
as well as time zone considerations). The Year of the Dog didn't
even begin until February 18, 1958-- four days after the day he
celebrates as his birthday! It might be possible that Bin Laden's
birthday-- if it's even known-- was incorrectly converted in such a
fashion (e.g., the 10th day of the 3rd month).
"I would also point out the uncertainty surrounding Dodi's birthday
(remember Diana and Dodi?), as his birthday had been given as April
15, but it was stated by several people that it's a fairly common
practice in the Middle East to use the 15th of the month as the
birthday, due to the fact that they don't always note the actual day
of birth, just the month and year of birth. Even though none of the
dates given for Bin Laden fall on the 15th of a month in the
Gregorian calendar, we should beware of the possibility of a similar
practice of using some arbitrary day of the Islamic month of birth.
"Then there is the possibility that, some years ago, someone in an
intelligence agency may have heard that Bin Laden had just
celebrated his birthday (if he even celebrates his birthday) on some
day of the year, such as March 10. They may have then taken that
date and used it with his year of birth, which seems to have been
1957 (or perhaps 1958). If this sort of thing did happen, it would
be wrong, as a particular date (month and day) in the Islamic year
does not fall on the same date each year in the Gregorian calendar.
For example, if it had been learned that Bin-Laden had celebrated
his 30th birthday on March 10, 1987, it would be incorrect to
conclude that he was therefore born on March 10, 1957. It just
doesn't work that way.
"Also, when Prince Dipendra murdered his family and shot himself, I
saw some web pages which gave his birthday incorrectly, and they
cited CIA sources! This makes me wonder if the "field information"
gathered by intelligence agencies can be trusted, especially when it
comes to people's birthdays.
"Additionally, there is always the chance that a Gregorian date
written in numeric format might be misread, such as 3-10-1957 being
variously read as either March 10, 1957 or 3 October, 1957.
"In light of these facts and considerations, I would be extremely
cautious about accepting *any* date of birth for Bin Laden without a
grain of salt the size of Jupiter."
#Jayj Jacobs reports that "Bin Laden, Al-Jazeera - and I'' by Jamal
Abdul Latif Ismail, includes an interview in which
Bin Laden says he was born 45 years ago, in the Muslim year of 1377,
in the Saudi capital of Riyadh. The family later moved between the
two holy cities of Mecca and Medina and the port city of Jiddah.
(Four months after Aug 1998 is December. 1998 minus 45 is 1953.)
#David G. Baker deduces January 3, 1955, 8:50:03 AM.
#Robert Currey writes 12/2001, "Justin Toper telephoned to say his
contact confirms UBL was born in July 1957 though he has no more
details. So I am sorry not to be able to provide at this stage. As I
have mentioned his source [who Justin wants to remain confidential]
is a journalist in the Middle East who has kept a file on UBL from
birth and though the journalist has access to 'official records' not
open to the public, he says that the record of the day of birth was
not kept."
#Tony Louis writes on 12/10/01: “This message appeared on Angelicus
Merlin. Included is my reply:
The site http://www.islamicfinder.org has a conversion program.
The 10th day of the 3rd Month of 1377 Hijri =
Gregorian-Hijri Dates Converter
Day / Month / Year Hijri
You entered: 10 / 3 / 1377
The conversion result is: Friday 4 October 1957 C.E.
(There is a small probability of one day error.)
#CF Perez wrote:
"I had acquired information from a Muslim historian, (on the
Internet) who said bin Laden was born 3rd month, 10th day of the
Muslim calendar year 1377.
The FBI lists his DOB as March 10, 1957--the third month and tenth
day of our calendar year--incorrectly transposing the Islamic days
and months for ours, getting the year correctly. The March 10 1957
date confirms that the 3rd month and 10th day are what we are
looking for.
I fear that I cannot I go back to check this Muslim data (3rd month,
tenth day, year 1377) and need a little help to conclude that these
indications are consistent with the facts. The pages I once had
access to on 9/11 are now gone. So, I go from memory on this,
frustratingly! If someone has access to the Arabic notation for the
bin Laden birth, and I have remembered incorrectly, let me know,
please. It will, if proven incorrect, make all the following false.
"Following the story after September 11 with some vehemence, I
examined all the charts proposed at the Astrodatabank.com site.
Proposed dates include:
March 10, July 27 or 29 and Oct. 3, in 1957. The October 3rd chart
stood out like a sore thumb, but I had to wait to resolve the
problem between the calendars before I could comment.
#Michael Rideout, among other judicious comments on the conversions
of the calendars, makes a point about the possibility that the March
10 and October 3 dates may have had the month/date transposed. The
10th month and 3rd day "switch" is a curious phenomenon: the
calendar translator would verify that the Muslim date occurs on the
10th month of our calendar, and on the third day (10/03)! But, it is
not a classic mix-up between date and month. Instead, a pattern
emerges which explains all the dates at once.
"Everyone tried using our Western dates to describe the bin Laden
date. That is clearly foggy thinking. Using Michael Rideout's (www.astrodatabank.com)
article about the Islamic calendar, the new moon of July 27th (on
our calendar) would mark the first day of the Muslim year
1377, the "New Year's Eve" of 1957.
"We must realize that the use of the crescent moon as a symbol for
the Muslim World would be tied to the culture's calendar tradition.
In Muslim fashion, we would count the two days following the new
moon to sight the first appearance of the crescent moon, and so the
established counting of the first day of the year is at the first
appearance of the crescent moon, occurring usually within two days,
probably the 29th or 30th of July, 1957,
depending on one's location. If the crescent cannot be viewed until
some later hour, it may depend on sea level and horizon variances as
well.
"Michael Rideout says of July 27, that since it signifies the first
day of the year, that it is the year significator, and a popular way
to show discretion with private information: just give the year. All
the July dates (27-30) in 1957 are "Happy New Year," and generically
related to the new year holiday, not necessarily the birth data of
bin Laden. After the new moon of July, using our calendar (the
Muslim month of "Muharram") we may find the third month, count
forward another ten days and expect to find the correction between
the two calendars, ours and the one followed by the Muslim
population. The next new moon (for month Two) occurs Aug. 26, month
"Safar"; the third new moon occurs on Sept 23, month "Rabi-Awwal."
Now, add ten days to the Sept 23 new moon and we find October 3
1957, "three months and ten days of 1377." October 3rd is the date
which actually does appear to be in the third month (Rabi-Awwal) and
tenth day--following the appearances of the New Moon's crescent
after Day One of year 1377, the year of bin Laden's birth. I make
this conclusion perhaps too quickly, but the little bit of math just
seemed to fit too perfectly--this after having seen and been very
impressed by the
chart for October 3, 1957.
"I was inclined to place the sun on the ascendant, so I drew a chart
for 6:16 a.m. I have now revised that to be about an hour earlier,
in order to fit the constellated Mars/Jupiter "besiegement" of his
Sun into the first house. This is a pure guess, but it seemed to
emphasize the story of his fame and his inclinations quite neatly. I
put the sun on the ascendant because Bin Laden's face is as familiar
to us "as the sun." To his adherents, he represents the Sun. To us
in the western world, he may represent the alchemical world's Black
Sun.
"The Sun on the ascendant--when I looked at this date a few weeks
ago, right after the attacks--immediately struck me because of the
purely Libra characteristics of his face, which correspond to the
appearance of the typical Libra qualities: high arched brow, mild,
polite manner. His smiling "beatific" attitude seems just so
blessedly pacific: Libra. With that besieged solar ascendant I found
a spectacular signature which describes the high, arched (Libra)
eyebrows and the medical history: he has been on kidney dialysis in
the last 4 years. (Kidney is ruled by Libra).
"One of his teachers, "Brian Fyfield-Shayler, 69, gave the then
13-year-old bin Laden and 30 other privileged classmates attending
al-Thagh school, an élite Western-style Saudi school in Jedda, four
one-hour English lessons a week during 1968 and 1969. He described
bin Laden as a 'shy, retiring and courteous' boy who was unfailingly
polite. 'He was very courteous - more so than any of the others in
his class. Physically, he was outstanding because he was taller,
more handsome and fairer than most of the other boys. He also stood
out as he was singularly gracious and polite, and had a great deal
of inner confidence,' said Fyfield-Shayler." Seems there are enough
Libra keywords in that paragraph.
http://www.observer.co.uk/focus/story/0,6903,582138,00.html
"Jupiter rules the 6th house. Libra's ruler Venus is in her fall, in
the 2nd house, in Scorpio, ruled by the warrior Mars--in a mutual
reception. Venus' lack of strength in Scorpio (for health
indicators) cannot help but weaken the Jupiter. But it strengthens
Mars, as he is located on the
ascendant. Ruler of the chart Venus is at 22 Scorpio, currently
getting the square from Uranus. He is currently agitated, indeed.
Probably moving around a bit and with inconveniences--interruptions.
The south node is in the 8th house, squared Uranus in Leo in the
11th of this chart leading me to believe a brief sudden death will
be his fate. I guess we all say, "Duh!" to that. This would perhaps
be in an aircraft, like his father before him, who died in the US in
1968 in a Cessna crash--his own plane.
"The genesis of Bin Laden's conversion, Salhi says, began between
1977 and 1978, as radical Palestinian groups emulated Ayatollah
Khomeini's use of cassette tapes to propagate the Islamic revolution
in Iran in their operations against Israel."
http://globalarchive.ft.com/globalarchive/articles.html?id=010414007821&query=hoyos
"Also, using this birth date and progressing to January 1979, when
the Russians exited Afghanistan, the 22nd year of life which
occasioned his "conversion" to take to the Afghani cause and shun
his comfortable background, I find the progressed ascendant at ZERO
Scorpio. How fitting, to leave the rulership of Venus (which is
ruled by Mars anyway) and absorb the Scorpio rulership of Mars as a
life significator.
"Between 1989-1991 Saudi officials seized bin Ladin's passport in a
bid to prevent him from consolidating contacts with extremists whom
he had befriended during the Afghan war. In 1991, he migrated from
the Arabian peninsula after declaring the Saudi ruling family
corrupt and 'insufficiently Islamic'."
http://ariel.unimelb.edu.au/~ronilins/WPT/Profiles/ladin.html
"In 1994, he was stripped of his citizenship in Saudi Arabia.
Given the "acceptance process" to which bin Laden was subjected by
the Taliban, a rather dare devil procedure involving the stealing of
jetliners to provide wholesale importation of tons of
goods--presumably weaponry--from various locations in Islam--he
obviously passed muster with the Taleban in 1996.
"With the Taliban's blessing, Bin Laden effectively had hijacked
Ariana, the national civilian airline of Afghanistan. For four
years, according to former U.S. aides and exiled Afghan officials,
Ariana's passenger and charter flights ferried Islamic militants,
arms, cash and opium through the United Arab Emirates and Pakistan.
Members of Bin Laden's Al Qaeda terrorist network were provided
false Ariana identification that gave them free run of airports in
the Middle East."
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-111801osamair.story
"A mutual reception 'you scratch my back, and I'll return the
favor,' is clearly the arrangement between the Taliban and bin
Laden. A calendar translator helped my work here:
http://www.rocketdownload.com/Details/Math/calmag.htm
"I thank Joan Griffith, who recently joined the All_ancient
discussion as a student of the history of calendars, and who does
not have one astrological bone in her body, according to her private
statement. She provided the key to discovering this bit of calendar
work by sending me a link to a piece of free software to translate
the calendars which provided the missing piece of the puzzle.
I will post this item at my website with more data as time permits.
Claire-France Perez
http://www.AncientSky.com"
Biography:
Arabian Muslim fundamentalist and known terrorist, known variously as
Usama Bin Muhammad Bin Ladin, Shaykh Usama Bin Ladin, the Prince, the
Emir, Abu Abdallah, Mujahid Shaykh, Hajj, the Director.
Outstanding arrest warrants, issued by New York state, USA, Tripoli and
the Libyan Arab Republic, include charges of counterfeiting, murder,
terrorism, terrorism conspiracy and theft with violence. The U.S. State
Department calls him "one of the most significant sponsors of Islamic
extremist activities in the world today" and has issued a $5 million
reward for his arrest.
Bin Laden was born of a Syrian mother, the seventeenth son of the more than
50 children born to one of the most prominent and wealthy businessmen in
Saudi Arabia. His father started as a poor laborer at the shipping ports,
building up his business to where the family is now considered the
wealthiest non-royal family in Saudi Arabia, worth an estimated $5
billion.
He was raised in the severe traditions of puritanical Wahhabi Islam,
taken from his mother and raised by his father from age nine. Discipline
was strict; intellectual curiosity forbidden; tutors all male and the
Koran must be learned by heart. At the same time his dad was fair with his
children and treated his sons as men. His dad was a close friend of King
Abdul-Aziz Ibn Saud, an alliance that helped his construction business. It
was founded in 1935 and became synonymous with Saudi Arabia's oil-fed
development. It had an annual turnover of billions of dollars and some
35,000 people employed throughout the world. His dad died in an
airplane crash c. 1968.
He was married at the age of 17 to a Syrian girl who was a relative: he
was later said to have at least four wives and some 15 children. He grew
up as a religiously committed boy and the early marriage was another
factor of protecting him from corruption. Nonetheless there are stories of
him being a party-goer in Beirut as a youth. He studied management and
economics in Jeddah, getting a degree in public administration in 1981.
When civil war broke out in the mid-1970s, professor of international
relations Hamoud Salhi writes that bin Laden had an increased awareness of
the poor and dispossessed. The genesis of bin Laden's conversion, Salhi
says, began between 1977 and 1978, as radical Palestinian groups emulated
Ayatollah Khomeini's use of cassette tapes to propagate the Islamic
revolution in Iran in their operations against Israel.
Bin Laden was brought up with good manners. He is democratic with his
comrades, taking his turn at cooking and community chores. He lives a
modest lifestyle in a small flat in Jeddah or in a shed in Afghanistan and
insists that his family maintain simplicity. He is known for being
truthful but as a politically conscious Afghan he can "maneuver." He is
generally quiet and observant but his dominant personality overshadows his
environment. He is not given to speechmaking; there is little video or
audio available. He reads extensively and keeps up with the media closely,
maintaining a data management team at his side. He is known for his
courage, not showing any reaction to bomb explosions or other close
dangers.
In February 1979 the Islamic revolution in Iran created in the
22-year-old bin Laden a yearning for a similar revolution in the Arab
world. In November 1979 the Grand Mosque in Mecca was overrun by home-bred
militants and the following month the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan.
Bin Laden received security training from the CIA itself. The Afghan
jihad was backed with American dollars and had the backing of the
governments of Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. For the next decade bin Laden
worked and fought, under the approving eye of the US and Saudi
establishments, both of whom he inwardly despised, to evict the Soviets
from Muslim territory. He started spending more and more time in
Afghanistan after 1982, occasionally joining actual battles but not in an
organized manner. From 1986 to 1988, he built more than six camps inside
Afghanistan. His spiritual conversion was confirmed in the mid-80s when he
met Mohammed Ayman Zawahir, the Egyptian leader of the extremist Jihad
group, in the Pakistani border city of Peshawar. Zawahir instilled in bin
Laden his own fervent belief in militant Islam.
In 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait. It was considered a Saudi " betrayal"
when the kingdom allowed more than 500,000 US and other foreign troops
into the country, an act that many traditional Saudis regarded as a
desecration of Saudi soil and a betrayal of its trusteeship over Mecca and
Medina. The Gulf war was another turning point on bin Laden's road to
international pariah status. Not welcome in his own country, he went to
Sudan, whose leader, the extremist Hassan Tourabi, had been calling for
the total defeat of the Iraqis. Bin Laden strengthened ties when he
married one of Tourabi's nieces while the opportunistic Tourabi used bin
Laden's financial recourses to finance construction of roads and an
airport.
Bin Laden arrived in Pakistani around April 1991. One of his earliest
actions was arguably one of his most successful. US prosecutors claim that
Al-Qaeda (The Base), the network he co-founded in Afghanistan allegedly to
carry out terrorist attacks, trained those who ambushed and killed 18 US
servicemen stationed in Somalia in 1993. Bin Laden's goal was to force the
US out of Africa and it worked. Since then, US soldiers have only been
there as part of a United Nations force.
His mission to drive US troops out of the Middle East has not been as
successful. Instead, it was Bin Laden who was driven into exile. In 1994
Saudi Arabia stripped him of his nationality after Egypt, Yemen and
Algeria had all accused him of bankrolling militancy in their countries.
Sudan was his host for two years until the US pressured the Sudanese
government to ask him to leave.
Bin Laden returned to the sanctuary of the Taliban, which now controls
90 per cent of Afghanistan but whose sovereignty is recognized only by
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. From there he is
credited with being the inspiration behind the many militant organizations
that sprouted in countries around the globe in the latter half of the
1990s, including the broad spectrum of Middle East states, as well as
Bangladesh, Chechnya and Kashmir.
Among trans-national Muslim extremist groups he is a major figure in
"The International Islamic Front for Jihad against Crusaders and Jews,"
formed in February 1998. He declared war on the US and Israel in August
1996. The key factor in both declarations (of war, and the beginning of
the Islamic Jihad) is the continuing US "occupation" of Saudi Arabia
(started at the beginning of the Gulf War), which is the location of the
holy cities of Mecca and Medina, and the Jihad/war is to remove the US
from holy soil and the Gulf area in general.
The Taliban are not just another Afghan faction supported by Pakistan;
they are a religiously committed group who are deeply committed to their
beliefs, and they see Bin Laden as a saint. He is a rich Arab from the
Holy Land who gave up his wealth and luxury to fight for the sake of his
brother Muslims in Afghanistan. It is their sacred duty to protect him. He
has no relations with Iran but the two have a common enemy in America. The
following dates may be considered for chart rectification:
- Around April 1991, he arrived in Pakistan and sent a letter to his
brother telling him that he is not coming back and apologized for
letting him down with the royal family.
- Late 1991, disguised, he left Afghanistan in private jet only a few
months after his arrival.
- In 1994, the Saudi government stripped him of his citizenship and
froze his assets in the country.
- May 1996, following strong U.S. and Egyptian pressure, Sudan
expelled him, and he returned to Afghanistan, under protection of the
dominant Taliban movement.
- In 1996, bin Laden issued a fatwa, a religious ruling urging
Muslims to kill U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia and Somalia. A second fatwa
in 1998 called for attacks on American civilians.
- Early 1997, the Saudis bought some mercenaries in the Pakistani
Afghani border. The operation was arranged with the Pakistani
intelligence. The information leaked to bin Laden and he decided to move
immediately to Qandahar, the stronghold of Taliban. The operation was
then cancelled.
- February 1998 he declared the formation of the International Front.
The declaration contained two elements, formation of the front and a
fatwa sanctioning killing Americans and Jews.
- On 6/07/1999, bin Laden was placed on the FBI's "Ten Most Wanted
List," and a $5 million reward is offered for his capture.
- The 8/07/1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya an Tanzania, which
killed 301 and injured over 5,000, occurred just after a six month
period in which bin Laden had issued repeated and open threats.
- On 8/20/1998, the United States launched cruise missiles on bin
Laden's training camps near Khost, in Eastern Afghanistan, based on what
U.S. officials called convincing evidence of his network s involvement
in the bombings.
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